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NCERT CLASS-6 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-3 NOTES

 NCERT CLASS 6 GEOGRAPHY

 CHAPTER- 3 [MOTIONS OF THE EARTH]

 

NCERT CLASS-6 GEOGRAPHY



  • Two types of motion of earth are: Rotation and Revolution.
  • Rotation is the movement of the earth on its axis.
  • Revolution is the movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit.
  • The plane formed by the orbit is known as orbital plane.
  • The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is called the circle of illumination.
  • The period of rotation is known as the earth day.
  • 6 hours saved every year is added to make one day(24 hours) in leap year.
  • Leap year has 366 days.
  • A year is usually divided into summer, winter, spring and autumn seasons.
  • The ancient Indian astronomer Aryabhatta had stated that the earth is round and rotates on its own axis.
  • On 21st June, the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun.

          = Rays of sun falls directly on the Tropic of Cancer.

          = The North Pole is inclined towards the sun and the places beyond the Artic circle   experience continuous daylight for about 6 months.

          = The longest Day and shortest night at these places occur on 21st June.

          = In the Southern Hemisphere all the conditions are reversed, it is winter season    there.

          = The nights are longer than the days.

          = The position of the earth is called Summer Solstice.

 

  • On 22nd December, the Tropic of Capricorn receives direct rays of the sun as the South Pole tilts towards it.

          = it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere with longer days and shortest nights.

          = the reverse happens in the northern hemisphere.

          = The position of the earth is called Winter Solstice.

 

  • On 21st march and 23rd September, direct rays of the sun falls on the equator.

          = At this position neither of the poles is tilted towards the sun, so the whole earth experience     equal days and equal nights.

          = This is called an Equinox.

  • On 23rd September, it is autumn season in the northern hemisphere and spring season in the Southern Hemisphere.
  • The opposite is the case on 21st march, when it is spring in the northern hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere.
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