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NCERT CLASS-6 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-8 NOTES

  NCERT CLASS- 6 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER- 8 [INDIA: CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE]     The main seasons recognised in India are:-                     — Cold weather season (winter)- December to February.                     — Hot weather season (summer)- March to May.                     — Southwest monsoon season (rainy)- June to September.                     — Season of retreating monsoon (autumn)- October to November. Cold weather season or winter                  = Sun rays do not fall directly in the region.                  = Temperature are quite low in northern India. Hot weather season or summer                  = Sun rays falls directly, temperatures becomes very high.                  = Hot and dry winds called loo, blow during the day. South- west monsoon or rainy season                  = marked by onset and advances of monsoon.                  = wind blows from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards the land. Season of retreating monsoon or autumn.                  = wind m
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NCERT CLASS-9 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-1 NOTES

  NCERT CLASS-9 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-1 [INDIA- SIZE AND LOCATION]   India- in northern hemisphere.                =  main land extends between latitudes 8°4’ N and 37°6’ N and longitudes 68°7’ E                      and 97°25’ E. Tropic of Cancer  (23°30’ N) divides the country into almost 2 equal halves. Andaman & Nicobar islands - Bay of Bengal. Lakshadweep islands - Arabian Sea. The southernmost point of the Indian Ocean - ‘Indira Point’ got submerged under the sea water in 2004 during the tsunami. Land mass area of India - 3.28 million sq. Km.                 = India’s total area accounts for about 2.4% of total geographical area of the world. 7th largest country. India land boundary - 15,200 km. Length of coastline of mainland including Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep - 7516.6 km. Bounded by young fold mountains- northwest, north & northeast. South of about 22° north latitude, begins to taper. From Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh, time lag of 2 hours. Standard meridian of
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NCERT CLASS-6 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-6 NOTES

  NCERT CLASS-6 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-5 [MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH]     Landforms are a result of two processes.        = within the earth continuous movement is taking place. The 1st or the internal process leads to the super lift net and sinking of the earth’s surface at several places. A hill is a land surface that rises higher than the surrounding area.        = generally, a steep hill with an elevation of more than 600m is termed as mountain. The 2nd or the external process is the continuous wearing down and rebuilding of the land surface. The wearing away of the earth’s surface is called erosion. Different landforms depending on elevation and slope- mountains, plateaus and plains. Mountain is any natural elevation of the earth surface.        = may have a small summit and a broad base. In some mountains, there are permanently frozen rivers of ice, called glaciers. Some mountains are under sea. Mountains arranged in line known as range. Many mountain systems consist of a series of
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