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NCERT CLASS-6 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-4 NOTES

NCERT CLASS- 6 GEOGRAPHY

  CHAPTER- 4 [MAPS]

 

NCERT CLASS-6 GEOGRAPHY

  •  A map is a representation or a drawing of the earth’s surface or part of its drawn on a flat surface according to a scale.
  • Physical maps- maps showing natural features of the earth such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans, etc. are called physical or relief maps.
  • Maps showing cities, towns and villages, and different countries and state of the world with their boundaries are called political maps.
  • Some maps focus on specific information, such as road maps, rainfall maps, maps showing distribution of forests, industries, etc. are known as thematic maps. Suitable titles are given on the basis of information provided in these maps.
  • Three components of maps- distance, direction and symbol.
  • Maps are drawn to reduced scales.
  • It can only be possible when a small distance on paper represents a large distance on the ground.
  • Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map.
  • When large areas like continents or countries are to be shown on paper, then we use a small scale. For example, 5 cm= 500 km. It is called small scale map.
  • When a small area like your village or town is to be shown on paper, then we use a large scale that is 5 cm on the map shows 500 m only on the ground, it is called large scale map.
  • Large scale maps give more information than small scale maps.
  • Most maps contains arrow marked with letter ‘N’, which shows the north direction. It is called the north line.
  • There are 4 major directions:- North, South, East, West. They are called cardinal points.
  • Other 4 intermediate directions are north- east(NE), south- east(SE), south-west(SW), north-west(NW).
  • Compass is an instrument used to find out main directions.

= It’s magnetic needle always points towards north- south direction.]

  • Symbols is the 3rd component os a map.

= Building roads, bridges, trees, etc. are shown by using certain letters, shades, colours, pictures and lines.

= There is an international agreement regarding the use of these symbols. These are conventional symbols.

  • Various colours are use for the same purpose. For ex., blue is used for showing water bodies, Brown for mountains, yellow for plateau and green is used for plains.
  • A sketch is a drawing mainly based on memory and spot observation and not to scale. Rough drawing drawn without scale, and is called a sketch map.
  • A plan is a drawing of a small area on a large scale.
  • Certain things which may sometimes want to know for example length and breadth of a room, which can’t be shown on a map.
  • We can refer drawing drawn to scale called a Plan.

 

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