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NCERT CLASS-6 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-8 NOTES

 NCERT CLASS- 6 GEOGRAPHY

CHAPTER- 8 [INDIA: CLIMATE, VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE]

 

NCERT CLASS- GEOGRAPHY


 

  • The main seasons recognised in India are:-

                    — Cold weather season (winter)- December to February.

                    — Hot weather season (summer)- March to May.

                    — Southwest monsoon season (rainy)- June to September.

                    — Season of retreating monsoon (autumn)- October to November.

  • Cold weather season or winter

                 = Sun rays do not fall directly in the region.

                 = Temperature are quite low in northern India.

  • Hot weather season or summer

                 = Sun rays falls directly, temperatures becomes very high.

                 = Hot and dry winds called loo, blow during the day.

  • South- west monsoon or rainy season

                 = marked by onset and advances of monsoon.

                 = wind blows from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards the land.

  • Season of retreating monsoon or autumn.

                 = wind move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal.

                 = Southern part of India, particularly Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh receive rainfall.

  • Climate- average weather condition, measured over many years.

                 = Climate of India has broadly been described as monsoon type.

  • Monsoon taken from Arabic word ‘mausim’, means seasons.
  • Climate of a place is affected by its location, altitude, distance from the sea and relief.
  • Jaisalmer and Bikaner in the desert of Rajasthan are very hot.
  • Drass and Kargil in Jammu and Kashmir are freezing cold.
  • Coastal plains like Mumbai and Kolkata experiences moderate climate, neither too hot nor too cold, places are very humid.
  • Mawsynram in Meghalaya receives the world’s highest rainfall.
  • Might not rain in Jaisalmer in Rajasthan in a particular year.
  • The Grasses, shrubs and trees, which grow on their own without interference or help from human beings are called natural vegetation.
  • Due to varied climatic conditions, India has a wide range of natural vegetation .
  • Plants release O2 that we breathe and absorbs CO2.
  • The roots of plants bind the soil, thus control soil erosion.
  • Forests provided us with timber for furniture, fuel, wood, fodder, medicinal plants and herbs, lac, honey, gum, etc.
  • Programmes like Van Mahotsav involve more people in making our earth green.
  • Forests are home to a variety of wild life.
  • Tiger is our national animal.
  • Gir forest in Gujarat is the home of Asiatic lions.
  • Elephants and one-horned rhinoceros roam in the forest of Assam .
  • Elephants also found in Kerala and Karnataka.
  • Camels and wild asses are found in the Great Indian Desert and the Rann of Kuchchh respectively.
  • Wild goats, snow leopards, bears, etc are found in the Himalayan region.

                 = Many other animals found in our country - monkey, wolf, jackal, nilgai, cheetah, etc.

  • Peacock is our national bird.
  • There are several hundreds of species of snakes found in India- cobras and kraits are important.
  • To protect them many national parks, scantuaries and biosphere reserves have been setup.
  • The government has started PROJECT TIGER and Project Elephant to protect these animals.
  • Every year we observe wildlife week in the 1st week of October to create awareness of conserving the habitats of the animal kingdom.
  • Some birds such as Pintail Duck, Curlews, Flamingo, Osprey and Little Stint migrate to our country in winter season every year.
  • Smallest migratory bird Little Stint weighing as low as 15 gram from Arctic region travel over 8000 km to reach India.
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