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NCERT CLASS-9 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-1 NOTES

 NCERT CLASS-9 GEOGRAPHY

CHAPTER-1 [INDIA- SIZE AND LOCATION]

 

  • India- in northern hemisphere.

               =  main land extends between latitudes 8°4’ N and 37°6’ N and longitudes 68°7’ E 

                   and 97°25’ E.

  • Tropic of Cancer  (23°30’ N) divides the country into almost 2 equal halves.
  • Andaman & Nicobar islands - Bay of Bengal.
  • Lakshadweep islands - Arabian Sea.
  • The southernmost point of the Indian Ocean - ‘Indira Point’ got submerged under the sea water in 2004 during the tsunami.
  • Land mass area of India - 3.28 million sq. Km.

                = India’s total area accounts for about 2.4% of total geographical area of the world.

  • 7th largest country.
  • India land boundary - 15,200 km.
  • Length of coastline of mainland including Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep - 7516.6 km.
  • Bounded by young fold mountains- northwest, north & northeast.
  • South of about 22° north latitude, begins to taper.
  • From Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh, time lag of 2 hours.
  • Standard meridian of India (82°30’ E) passing through Mirzapur (UP) is taken as the standard time for the whole country.
  • The latitudinal extent influences the duration of day and night as one moves from south to north.
  • Indian landmass, central location between east & west Asia.
  • Since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, India’s distance from Europe has been reduced by 7000 km.
  • Ideas of upanishads, the Ramayana, the stories of Panchatantra, the Indian numerals and the decimal system have travelled routes of north India.
  • The spices, muslin and other merchandise were taken from India to different countries.
  • The influence of Greek sculpture, the architectural styles of dome and minarets from west Asia can be seen in different parts of our country.
  • India - 29 states and 7 union territories.
  • India shares land boundaries with Pakistan, Afghanistan in the northwest, china (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north and Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east.
  • Southern neighbours across the sea, 2 island countries- Sri Lanka and Maldives.
  • Sri Lanka separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the gulf of Mannar.
  • Maldives islands is situated to the south of the Lakshadweep islands.
  • Before 1947, 2 types of states in India- the provinces and the princely states.
  • Provinces ruled directly by British officials, who were appointed by the viceroy.
  • Princely states were ruled by local hereditary rulers, who acknowledged sovereignty in return for local autonomy.
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