NCERT CLASS-9 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-1 NOTES

 NCERT CLASS-9 GEOGRAPHY

CHAPTER-1 [INDIA- SIZE AND LOCATION]

 

• India- in northern hemisphere.

               =  main land extends between latitudes 8°4’ N and 37°6’ N and longitudes 68°7’ E 

                   and 97°25’ E.

• Tropic of Cancer  (23°30’ N) divides the country into almost 2 equal halves.
• Andaman & Nicobar islands - Bay of Bengal.
• Lakshadweep islands - Arabian Sea.
• The southernmost point of the Indian Ocean - ‘Indira Point’ got submerged under the sea water in 2004 during the tsunami.
• Land mass area of India - 3.28 million sq. Km.

                = India’s total area accounts for about 2.4% of total geographical area of the world.

• 7th largest country.
• India land boundary - 15,200 km.
• Length of coastline of mainland including Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep - 7516.6 km.
• Bounded by young fold mountains- northwest, north & northeast.
• South of about 22° north latitude, begins to taper.
• From Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh, time lag of 2 hours.
• Standard meridian of India (82°30’ E) passing through Mirzapur (UP) is taken as the standard time for the whole country.
• The latitudinal extent influences the duration of day and night as one moves from south to north.
• Indian landmass, central location between east & west Asia.
• Since the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, India’s distance from Europe has been reduced by 7000 km.
• Ideas of upanishads, the Ramayana, the stories of Panchatantra, the Indian numerals and the decimal system have travelled routes of north India.
• The spices, muslin and other merchandise were taken from India to different countries.
• The influence of Greek sculpture, the architectural styles of dome and minarets from west Asia can be seen in different parts of our country.
• India - 29 states and 7 union territories.
• India shares land boundaries with Pakistan, Afghanistan in the northwest, china (Tibet), Nepal and Bhutan in the north and Myanmar and Bangladesh in the east.
• Southern neighbours across the sea, 2 island countries- Sri Lanka and Maldives.
• Sri Lanka separated from India by a narrow channel of sea formed by the Palk Strait and the gulf of Mannar.
• Maldives islands is situated to the south of the Lakshadweep islands.
• Before 1947, 2 types of states in India- the provinces and the princely states.
• Provinces ruled directly by British officials, who were appointed by the viceroy.
• Princely states were ruled by local hereditary rulers, who acknowledged sovereignty in return for local autonomy.