IAS EXAM 2021

  NCERT CLASS-6 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-5 [MAJOR LANDFORMS OF THE EARTH]     Landforms are a result of two processes.        = within the earth continuous movement is taking place. The 1st or the internal process leads to the super lift net and sinking of the earth’s surface at several places. A hill is a land surface that rises higher than the surrounding area.        = generally, a steep hill with an elevation of more than 600m is termed as mountain. The 2nd or the external process is the continuous wearing down and rebuilding of the land surface. The wearing away of the earth’s surface is called erosion. Different landforms depending on elevation and slope- mountains, plateaus and plains. Mountain is any natural elevation of the earth surface.        = may have a small summit and a broad base. In some mountains, there are permanently frozen rivers of ice, called glaciers. Some mountains are under sea. Mountains arra...

  NCERT CLASS-6 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-5 [MAJOR DOMAINS OF THE EARTH]      The solid portion of the earth on which we live is called the Lithosphere. The gaseous layer that surround the earth is the Atmosphere. Water covers a very big area of the Earth’s surface and this area is called the Hydrosphere. The biosphere is the narrow zone where we find land, water and air together, which contains all forms of life. Two main divisions of earth’s surface- continents and oceans basins. Level of sea water remains the same everywhere. Elevation of land is measured from the level of the sea, which is taken as zero. The highest mountain peak Mt. Everest is 8848 m above the level.  The greatest depth of 11,022 m is recorded at Mariana Trench int the Pacific Ocean. Edmund Hillary (New Zealand) and Tenzing Norgay Sherpa (India) were the 1st men to climb the Mt. Everest on 29th May 1953. Junko Tabei (Japan) was the 1st woman to reach the summit on 16th May 1975. The 1st Indian woma...

NCERT CLASS- 6 GEOGRAPHY    CHAPTER- 4 [MAPS]     A map is a representation or a drawing of the earth’s surface or part of its drawn on a flat surface according to a scale. Physical maps- maps showing natural features of the earth such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans, etc. are called physical or relief maps. Maps showing cities, towns and villages, and different countries and state of the world with their boundaries are called political maps. Some maps focus on specific information, such as road maps, rainfall maps, maps showing distribution of forests, industries, etc. are known as thematic maps. Suitable titles are given on the basis of information provided in these maps. Three components of maps- distance, direction and symbol. Maps are drawn to reduced scales. It can only be possible when a small distance on paper represents a large distance on the ground. Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the ma...

  NCERT CLASS 6 GEOGRAPHY   CHAPTER- 3 [MOTIONS OF THE EARTH]   Two types of motion of earth are: Rotation and Revolution. Rotation is the movement of the earth on its axis. Revolution is the movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit. The plane formed by the orbit is known as orbital plane. The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is called the circle of illumination. The period of rotation is known as the earth day. 6 hours saved every year is added to make one day(24 hours) in leap year. Leap year has 366 days. A year is usually divided into summer, winter, spring and autumn seasons. The ancient Indian astronomer Aryabhatta had stated that the earth is round and rotates on its own axis. On 21st June, the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun.           = Rays of sun falls directly on the Tropic of Cancer.           = The North Pole is inclined towards the sun and the places beyo...

NCERT CLASS 6 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER- 2 [GLOBE: LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES]   Earth is slightly flattened at the north and the south poles and bulge in the middle. Globe is a true model of the earth. Earth rotates from west to east. Equator is an imaginary line that divides the earth into two equal parts The northern half of the earth is Northern Hemisphere. The southern half of the earth is Southern Hemisphere. All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallel of latitudes. Latitudes are measured  in degrees. Equator represents the zero degrees latitude. 90degree north latitude marks the North Pole and 90degree south latitude marks the South Pole. Distance from the equator to either of the poles is one-fourth of a circle round the earth, 1/4th of 360, i.e, 90degree. All parallels north of the equator are called ‘north latitudes’. All parallels south of the equator are called ‘south latitudes’. Four important parallels of latitudes-       ...