NCERT CLASS-10 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-1 [RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT] Resource- everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided, it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable can be termed as ‘Resource’. Process of transformation of things- interdependent relationship between nature, technology and institutions. Resource are a function of human activities. Human beings transform material available in our environment into resources and use them. Resource as can classified in the following ways:- (a) on the basis of origin- biotic and abiotic. (b) on the basis of exhaustibility - renewable and non- renewable. (c) on the basis of ownership- individual, community, national and international. (d) on the basis of status of development - potential, developed stock and reserves. On the basis of origin- = biotic resources- obtained from biosphere and have life such as human beings
NCERT CLASS-9 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER-2 [PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA] India has all major physical features of the earth i.e, mountains, plains, deserts, plateaus and islands. Theory of plate tectonics- The crust (upper part) of the earth has been formed out of 7 major and some minor plates. Movement of these plates results in building up of stresses within the plates and the continental rocks above leading to folding, faulting and volcanic activity. Plate movements- 3 types- = some plates come towards each other and form convergent boundary. = some plates move away from each and form divergent boundary. = some plates move horizontally past each other and form transform boundary. Oldest landmass (the peninsular part), was part of the Gondwana land. Gondwana land includes India, Australia, South Africa, South America and Antarctica as one single land mass. Gondwana land- southern part of ancient super continent Pangea with Angara land int eh